{"id":27499,"date":"2024-05-30T20:37:33","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T20:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/?p=27499"},"modified":"2024-05-30T20:37:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T20:37:35","slug":"deep-processing-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/deep-processing-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"17 Deep Processing Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Study Card<\/summary>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/deep-processing-vs-shallow-processing-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"deep processing vs shallow processing, explained below\" class=\"wp-image-27500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/deep-processing-vs-shallow-processing-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/deep-processing-vs-shallow-processing-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/deep-processing-vs-shallow-processing-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/deep-processing-vs-shallow-processing.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Definition<\/summary>\n<p><strong>Deep processing refers to a manner of interacting with information that involves elaborate, thoughtful engagement with the material.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deep processing can be seen in a range of higher-order thinking scenarios, for example evaluating, analyzing and critiquing of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a concept in psychology that falls within the broader framework of levels-of-processing theory, initially proposed by Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart in 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This theory suggests that the depth of mental processing impacts the strength of memory formation, with deeper processing leading to stronger, longer-lasting memories than shallow processing.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep Processing Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Elaboration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Elaboration involves expanding on the information by adding more detail or context. For example, when learning a new concept, you might relate it to something you already know or apply it to a real-world example. This process helps to create a richer, more interconnected understanding of the material.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Semantic Mapping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Semantic mapping refers to organizing information in a way that highlights the relationships between different concepts. Creating mind maps, concept maps, or flow charts can facilitate deep understanding by showing how various ideas connect and interact. This visual representation helps to see the bigger picture and grasp complex relationships.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Self-Reflection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/self-reflection-examples\/\">Self-reflection<\/a> involves taking time to think about newly learned material. Consider how it aligns with or challenges your existing beliefs, how you can use it in your daily life, or what implications it might have for the world. Reflecting on new information helps integrate it into your existing knowledge framework.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Interpretation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interpretation means actively engaging with information rather than passively receiving it. This could involve analyzing a text, critiquing a theory, or making predictions based on data. By interpreting information, you engage deeply with the material and develop a more nuanced understanding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Teaching Others<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Teaching others a concept requires a deep understanding of the material. You need to break down complex ideas into understandable parts, anticipate questions, and communicate effectively. This process reinforces your own understanding and helps to identify any gaps in your knowledge.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Visualization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Visualization involves creating a mental image of the information to help embed it in your memory. For example, when reading a novel, try to visualize the characters, settings, and events in your mind&#8217;s eye. This technique makes abstract information more concrete and memorable.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Critical Thinking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/critical-thinking-examples\/\">Critical thinking<\/a> involves analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information. Instead of simply accepting what you&#8217;re told, question it. Look for evidence, consider alternative viewpoints, and draw your own conclusions to develop a well-rounded understanding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Problem-Solving<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/problem-solving-examples\/\">Problem-solving<\/a> involves applying what you&#8217;ve learned to solve real-world issues. This could include doing math problems, troubleshooting technical issues, or devising strategies to address social challenges. Engaging in problem-solving helps to deepen your understanding by putting theory into practice.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Making Connections<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Making connections means linking new information to something you already know. This could involve connecting new material to previously learned concepts or relating academic subjects to your personal interests or experiences. Creating these links enhances retention and understanding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Metacognition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/metacognitive-strategies\/\">Metacognition<\/a> refers to thinking about your own thinking processes. Consider which strategies are helping you learn effectively and which ones are not. Reflecting on how your understanding of a topic is evolving as you learn more helps to optimize your learning strategies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Reading Comprehension<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Reading comprehension involves deeply processing nearly every word in a high-level textbook on subjects like physics or chemistry. Many of the concepts have to be compared to previously stored knowledge to see how they fit or contradict. This deep engagement with the text enhances understanding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Second Language Fluency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Achieving fluency in a second language, especially after spending years in a foreign country, demonstrates deep processing. You can communicate fluidly with locals, understand jokes, and pick up on nuances of local idioms. This level of understanding goes beyond basic vocabulary and grammar.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Synthesizing Facts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Synthesizing facts involves combining numerous pieces of information into a cohesive framework. This requires substantial deep processing to see how different facts interconnect and contribute to a broader understanding. This skill is essential for creating comprehensive insights from complex information.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. Interpreting Graphs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interpreting graphs goes beyond citing data to explain the meaning of the data and how the numbers are interconnected. Understanding how the data influences the big picture requires deep processing. This skill helps to make informed conclusions and decisions based on graphical information.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. Writing a Compare and Contrast Essay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Writing a <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/compare-and-contrast-essay-examples\/\">compare and contrast essay<\/a> involves identifying similarities and differences between two concepts. This requires deep processing to find information that connects related concepts and explain various interconnections. The essay demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the subjects being compared.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. Listening to Classical Music<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For a trained musician, listening to a classical piece like one of Mozart\u2019s masterpieces involves appreciating the complexities of the arrangement and intended interpretations. This deep engagement with the music goes beyond surface-level listening. It requires an understanding of musical theory and emotional nuance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. Project-Based Learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Project-based learning involves working on a project with other students, which increases engagement and requires a deep understanding of the concepts involved. This method helps students to see how different ideas are related to each other. It promotes active learning and collaboration for a more profound grasp of the material.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Deep Processing vs. Shallow Processing<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep Processing vs. Shallow Processing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Whereas deep processing is elaborate, shallow processing is minimal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Deep Processing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Deep processing, in essence, means fully understanding and analyzing information on a complex level, rather than simply taking it at face value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the context of learning, deep processing could involve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\" style=\"list-style-type:1\">\n<li><strong>Understanding the underlying principles<\/strong> or theories behind the information you&#8217;re learning, rather than just memorizing facts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Applying the information<\/strong> to real-world problems or scenarios.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Discussing the material with others<\/strong> to gain different perspectives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Teaching the information to someone else<\/strong>, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the material.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reflecting<\/strong> on how the new information changes your understanding of the world.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These activities require a significant cognitive effort, and are considered <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/higher-order-thinking-skills-examples\/\">examples of higher-order thinking<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In essence, deep processing is all about being an active participant in the learning process and making the material meaningful to you in some way. This approach can make the learning experience more engaging and enjoyable, and it can significantly enhance your ability to remember the information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Shallow Processing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/shallow-processing-examples\/\">Shallow processing<\/a> can be <em>structural<\/em> or <em>phonemic<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Structural processing (Shallow)<\/strong> involves encoding the physical properties or visual aspects of a stimulus. For example, only encoding the colors or shapes of images in a photo or painting, with no consideration of meaning or artistic objectives. Ekuni et al. (2011) describe this as a form of perceptual processing. Only the physical and sensory characteristics of the stimulus are processed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Phonemic processing (Shallow)<\/strong> involves processing the auditory characteristics of a text such as the sound of the individual phonemes. Determining if the word \u201cball\u201d rhymes with \u201cbait\u201d is an example of phonemic processing. This determination only requires a very shallow level of analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Shallow processing results in the stimulus quickly fading from <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" title=\"working memory\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\" href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/working-memory-examples\/\">working memory<\/a> and, if stored in long-term memory, the trace is quite weak.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Origins of the Levels of Processing Theory<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origins of the Levels of Processing Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"featurebox\"><strong>The notion of deep processing was originally proposed by Craik and Lockhart (1972).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their paper introduced the concept of <em>levels of processing <\/em>(LOP), which is a model of how stimuli are processed and stored in memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LOP postulates that the more meaning extracted from a stimulus, the more ingrained that stimulus will become embedded in memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Craik and Tulving (1975) conducted a series of 10 studies that provided empirical support for the model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, participants were presented with 60 words and then induced to process those words at varying depts (i.e., shallow or deep).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" style=\"list-style-type:1\">\n<li>Shallow processing was induced by asking questions about typescript (e.g., is the word \u201cHOUSE\u201d written in capital letters?);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intermediate processing by asking questions about rhymes (e.g., does the word \u201chouse\u201d rhyme with pencil?);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deep processing by asking if the word fit into a specific category or sentence (e.g., does the word \u201chouse\u201d fit into this sentence: \u201cThe _____ has a beautiful window\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, participants were given different types of tests, either recall or recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results of the studies led to the general conclusion that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201c\u2026deeper encodings took longer to accomplish and were associated with higher levels of performance on the subsequent memory test\u201d (p. 268).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Below is a table that identifies the key research developments in LOP.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Key Developments in Levels of Processing Theory<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Developments in Levels of Processing Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Below is a summary of key developments in levels of processing (LOP) research:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Authors<\/th><th>Key Development<\/th><th>Publication Year<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Craik &amp; Lockhart<\/td><td>Introduction of LOP:<br>1) Shallow processing is perceptual processing of physical properties and sensory characteristics.<br>2) Deep processing is semantic and involves extraction of meaning.<\/td><td>1972<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Craik &amp; Tulving<\/td><td>Experimental evidence from 10 studies supporting LOP.<\/td><td>1975<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Morris, Bransford, &amp; Franks<\/td><td>Proposed transfer-appropriate processing (TAP):<br>1) semantic processing is superior to phonological processing, but only when retrieval task involves recalling meaning.<br>2) phonological processing is superior when retrieval task involves rhyme recognition.<\/td><td>1977<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tulving<\/td><td>Proposed encoding-specificity principle. The greater the match between encoding cues and recall cues the better the recall. Thus, TAP is not incompatible with LOP.<\/td><td>1979<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lockhart &amp; Craik<\/td><td>Introduced concept of \u201crobust encoding.\u201d The more deeply encoded a stimuli becomes, the more cues there are which can be activated during recall.<\/td><td>1990<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nyberg<\/td><td>Neuroimaging data supports LOP:<br>1) sensory regions activated during perception are reactivated during retrieval.<br>2) frontal and medial-temporal brain activity is related to depth of processing.<\/td><td>2002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Schott et al.<\/td><td>fMRI analysis of shallow and deep processing. Results found deep processing involved greater neural connectivity between left hippocampus and ventral prefrontal regions.<\/td><td>2013<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Based on Ekuni, R., Vaz, L. J., &amp; Bueno, O. F. A. (2011).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Applications of Deep Processing\u00a0<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications of Deep Processing&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. In Advertising<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"featurebox\"><strong>There are basically two types of commercials: those that are based on deep processing and those that are based on shallow processing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advertisers are experts in attitude formation, particularly as it relates to consumer preferences and behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deep processing commercials present lots of facts about the product or service. The goal is to appeal to consumers that are knowledgeable and will need to be persuaded based on their analysis of the ad\u2019s content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shallow processing commercials are designed to persuade consumers through celebrity endorsements, status appeals, or sexuality. Purchase decisions are based on emotions activated during the ad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These processing channels can be explained with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) of persuasion proposed by Petty and Cacioppo (1986).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The ELM states that there are two routes to persuasion: central and peripheral.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/central-route-to-persuasion-examples\/\">central route to persuasion<\/a> involves deep processing of the ad\u2019s content. The consumer engages in a critical analysis of the ad\u2019s content and persuasion is based on the quality of the ad\u2019s factual content. &nbsp;With the central route, persuasion results \u201c\u2026from a person\u2019s careful and thoughtful consideration of the true merits of the information presented\u2026\u201d (p. 125).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/peripheral-route-to-persuasion-examples\/\">peripheral route to persuasion<\/a> however, involves very little processing. Instead, persuasion is based on message cues regarding the product\u2019s quality, such as what a trusted celebrity says about it. With the peripheral route, persuasion results from \u201c\u2026some simple cue in the persuasion context (e.g., an attractive source) that induces change without necessitating scrutiny of the true merits of the information presented\u201d (p. 125).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. In Education and Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"featurebox\"><strong>Educators have long recognized the value of instructional approaches that activate deep levels of processing. Whereas rote memory tasks ensure facts are committed to long-term storage, they are but the first step in <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/blooms-taxonomy-examples\/\">Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of learning objectives<\/a>, shown below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"617\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy-1024x617.jpg\" alt=\"blooms taxonomy, explained below and in appendix\" class=\"wp-image-15252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy-1024x617.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy-768x463.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy-1536x926.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/blooms-taxonomy.jpg 1621w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When examining Bloom\u2019s taxonomy, it is easy to see how each step up the hierarchy involves increasingly greater depths of processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the limited value of shallow processing has also helped spawn a wide range of instructional approaches that move away from the shallow processing of rote learning to methods that encourage deep processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples of these approaches include: project-based learning, experiential learning, role-plays and simulations, and the general philosophy of student-centered learning.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Deep processing refers to elaborating on the meaning of a stimulus and thinking about how it relates to other stimuli in memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is in contrast to shallow processing, which simply involves a kind of perceptual processing that is limited to the color or shape of a stimulus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of deep and shallow processing is part of a framework for understanding memory known as the levels of processing (LOP) model. According to the model, the deeper the level of processing, the longer and more strongly ingrained in memory the stimulus becomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LOP has had a substantial impact in educational practices. For instance, Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/learning-objectives-examples\/\">learning objectives<\/a> incorporates the idea that some learning outcomes only require a superficial level of understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Higher up outcomes however, require students to have a much deeper grasp of concepts, even to the point of creating new theories or frameworks of understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teachers have changed their instructional approaches as well. Teacher understand that deep processing leads to deep learning. Examples of educational practices that require deep processing include project-based learning, role-plays and simulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Students not only retain information longer and have a more advanced understanding of educational concepts, but they also benefit from a more interesting and dynamic learning experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f References and Further Reading<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Craik, F.I.M., &amp; Lockhart, R.S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671\u2013684.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Craik, F. I., &amp; Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. <em>Journal of Experimental Psychology: General<\/em>, <em>104<\/em>(3), 268.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Craik, F. I. (2002). Levels of processing: Past, present&#8230; and future? <em>Memory<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(5-6), 305-318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekuni, R., Vaz, L. J., &amp; Bueno, O. F. A. (2011). Levels of processing: The evolution of a framework. <em>Psychology &amp; Neuroscience<\/em>, <em>4<\/em>, 333-339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lockhart, R. S., &amp; Craik, F. I. M. (1990). Levels of processing: A retrospective commentary on a framework for memory research. Canadian Journal of Psychology, <em>44<\/em>(1), 87-112.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Morris, C. D., Bransford, J. D., &amp; Franks, J. J. (1977). Levels of processing versus transfer-appropriate processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, <em>16<\/em>, 519-533.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyberg, L. (2002). Levels of processing: A view from functional brain imaging. Memory, <em>10<\/em>(5\/6), 345-348.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schott, B. H., W\u00fcstenberg, T., Wimber, M., Fenker, D. B., Zierhut, K. C., Seidenbecher, C. I., &#8230; &amp; Richardson\u2010Klavehn, A. (2013). The relationship between level of processing and hippocampal\u2013cortical functional connectivity during episodic memory formation in humans. <em>Human Brain Mapping<\/em>, <em>34<\/em>(2), 407-424.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tulving, E., (1979). Relation between encoding specificity and levels of processing. In L. S. Cermak &amp; F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 405-428). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petty, R.E. and Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. <em>Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19<\/em>, 123-205.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60214-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60214-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sekerina, I. A., &amp; Brooks, P. J. (2006). Pervasiveness of shallow processing. <em>Applied Psycholinguistics<\/em>, <em>27<\/em>(1), 84-88.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Appendix: Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/summary>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Appendix: Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Level (Shallow to Deep)<\/th><th>Description<\/th><th>Examples<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Remember<\/td><td>Retain and recall information<\/td><td>Reiterate, memorize, duplicate, repeat, identify<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Understand<\/td><td>Grasp the meaning of something<\/td><td>Explain, paraphrase, report, describe, summarize<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Apply<\/td><td>Use existing knowledge in new contexts<\/td><td>Practice, calculate, implement, operate, use, illustrate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analyze<\/td><td>Explore relationships, causes, and connections<\/td><td>Compare, contrast, categorize, organize, distinguish<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evaluate<\/td><td>Make judgments based on sound analysis<\/td><td>Assess, judge, defend, prioritize, critique, recommend<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Create<\/td><td>Use existing information to make something new<\/td><td>Invent, develop, design, compose, generate, construct<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deep Processing Examples 1. Elaboration Elaboration involves expanding on the information by adding more detail or context. For example, when learning a new concept, you might relate it to something you already know or apply it to a real-world example. This process helps to create a richer, more interconnected understanding of the material. 2. Semantic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[93,127,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education","category-education-101-course-module-2","category-psychology"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Chris Drew (PhD)","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"authorship-box-avatar":false,"authorship-box-related":false,"authorship-post-flat":false,"authorship-post-cards":false,"authorship-post-thumbs":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Chris Drew (PhD)","author_link":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/author\/chris-drew-phd\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Deep Processing Examples 1. Elaboration Elaboration involves expanding on the information by adding more detail or context. For example, when learning a new concept, you might relate it to something you already know or apply it to a real-world example. This process helps to create a richer, more interconnected understanding of the material. 2. Semantic&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27499"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38535,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499\/revisions\/38535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}