{"id":27280,"date":"2024-05-24T23:25:05","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T23:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/?p=27280"},"modified":"2024-06-20T21:31:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T21:31:37","slug":"behaviorism-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/behaviorism-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"17 Behaviorism Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Video Lesson: What is Behaviorism?<\/summary>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Behaviorism in Education (Explained in 4 Minutes)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OLpsVp7d34c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Definition of Behaviorism<\/summary>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/behaviorism\/\">Behaviorism<\/a> is a psychological theory of learning based on the idea that learning occurs through a process of conditioning of behaviors.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach focuses on the role of environmental factors in learning, rather than the role of <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/cognition-examples\/\">internal cognition<\/a> (thinking and contemplating &#8211; see: <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/constructivism\/\">constructivist theory<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two main types of conditioning associated with behaviorism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Classical Conditioning: <\/strong>This is where an association is made between two stimuli, such as associating a bell with lunch time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operant Conditioning:<\/strong> Developed by B.F. Skinner, this theory argues that we can change students\u2019 behaviors through consequences, such as rewards, or punishments. For example, if a student gives a correct response, they get a reward, which will increase their likelihood of giving that response next time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><summary>\u27a1\ufe0f Study Card<\/summary>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/behaviorism-in-psychology-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"behaviorism in psychology examples and definition, explained below\" class=\"wp-image-24467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/behaviorism-in-psychology-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/behaviorism-in-psychology-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/behaviorism-in-psychology-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/behaviorism-in-psychology.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Behaviorism Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Classical Conditioning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113-1024x585.png\" alt=\"a dog and a bell\" class=\"wp-image-37791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-113.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Classical conditioning involves teaching a student to associate two stimuli with one another. It does not require rewards and punishments, but rather repetition of an association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his Pavlov\u2019s dog experiment, where he taught dogs to salivate in response to the sound of a bell. In the classroom, we might see it when the teacher walks into the classroom and the students instinctively go silent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through this experiment, Pavlov demonstrated that the dog had learned to associate the bell with food, causing a physical reaction in the dog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several terms here to help explain what happened:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/unconditioned-stimulus-examples\/\"><strong>Unconditioned stimulus<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>Food naturally causes salivation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/conditioned-stimulus-examples\/\"><strong>Conditioned stimulus<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>The bell, being associated with food, now also causes salivation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/unconditioned-response-examples\/\"><strong>Unconditioned response<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>Salivation in response to food<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/conditioned-response-examples\/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20conditioned%20responses%20include,someone%20says%20%E2%80%9Cthank%20you.%E2%80%9D\"><strong>Conditioned response<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>Salivation in response to a bell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/classical-conditioning-examples\/\"><strong>Classical Conditioning Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You may notice that a particularly scary teacher &#8211; say, the principal &#8211; will cause the whole class to go dead silent when they walk into the classroom. There\u2019s no reward or punishment involved in this process, but rather, an association is developed between the principal and the need to be silent, because we learn over time that whenever we see the school principal, it\u2019s usually time to be quiet and listen for an important announcement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Operant Conditioning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114-1024x585.png\" alt=\"a teacher giving a student a gold star\" class=\"wp-image-37793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-114.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, is about learning through rewards (<a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/positive-reinforcement-examples\/\">positive reinforcement<\/a>) and punishments (<a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/negative-reinforcement-examples\/\">negative reinforcement<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, if a student is rewarded with praise or a good grade for studying hard (behavior), they are likely to repeat that behavior in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conversely, if a child touches a hot stove (behavior) and gets burned (negative consequence), they learn not to touch the stove again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Operant conditioning is very useful for teachers because it demonstrates that reward and punishments lead to rapid acquisition of the desired behaviors, such as the correct answer to a question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/operant-conditioning-examples\/\"><strong>Example of Operant Conditioning<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Operant can be very useful in teaching times tables through rote learning &#8211; 5 x 5 = 25 leads to a reward! However, the weakness is that the student may not actually mean that 5 x 5 means \u201cfive groups of five objects\u201d, meaning learning has been rather shallow and the child hasn\u2019t obtained true comprehension.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Shaping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116-1024x585.png\" alt=\"dog rolling over\" class=\"wp-image-37797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-116.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaping involves slowly changing behavior over time by reinforcing behaviors that are closer and closer to the target behavior. This is also known as successive approximation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Successive approximations are often used in the process of treating phobias. If a person has fear of heights, we wouldn\u2019t take them to the roof of the nearest skyscraper. Rather, we might start them on a 2nd story building, then a 3rd, and so on, until they finally reach those higher heights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/shaping-examples-psychology\/\"><strong>Example of Shaping<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you&#8217;re training a dog to roll over, you might start by rewarding the dog for lying down, then for rolling onto its side, and finally for completing a full roll. Each step is an approximation towards the final desired behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Extinction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117-1024x585.png\" alt=\"woman and child shopping\" class=\"wp-image-37799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-117.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Extinction refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior. In other words, the response has \u2018gone extinct\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tends to happen when a reward or punishment that was previously associated with a behavior is no longer provided. Over time, the association between the behavior and the reward or punishment breaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/extinction-examples-psychology\/\">Example of Extinction<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A child used to throw a tantrum in a store because they knew it would get them a toy. But the parent finally grew a spine and stopped buying the toy, despite the tantrums. After a while, the tantrum behavior eventually stopped, because the child stopped associating tantrums with getting their own way.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Observational Learning (Social Learning)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118-1024x585.png\" alt=\"boy watching his brother get a medal\" class=\"wp-image-37807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-118.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Observational learning is a progression of behaviorism that introduces the idea we learn not only through direct reward and punishment, but also by observing others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if a child watches a sibling receive praise for doing chores, the child may also start doing chores in the hope of receiving similar praise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developed by Albert Bandura, this type of learning is considered to be partly behaviorism, but also partly its own theory. It does involve a form of conditioning \u2013 the behavior is learned (conditioned) through observation of consequences. However, it also introduces the idea that learning can occur <em>vicariously<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/observational-learning-examples\/\"><strong>Observational Learning Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura split children into two groups. One group observed an adult acting lovingly toward a doll. The other group observed an adult acting aggressively toward a doll. Then, when the children were allowed to play with the doll, Bandura observed that the children mimicked the adults they observed. This demonstrated that the children had learned behaviors through observation alone, with no direct instruction.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Token Economies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115-1024x585.png\" alt=\"child receiving award\" class=\"wp-image-37795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-115.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A token economy is a <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/examples-of-behavior-modification-techniques\/\">behavior modification technique<\/a> that uses rewards (tokens) as reinforcers to shape behavior. The tokens can be exchanged later for other reinforcers that are highly appealing to the recipients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens, the student is more likely to exhibit that behavior again. This is based on the principles of operant conditioning and has many uses in an educational setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/token-economy-examples\/\"><strong>Token Economy Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An example might be a classroom management system where students earn tokens for positive behavior (like completing homework or helping classmates) and can trade them for privileges or treats.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Aversion Therapy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119-1024x585.png\" alt=\"man gets shocked\" class=\"wp-image-37808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-119.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This therapeutic method involves pairing an unwanted behavior with discomfort in order to reduce the occurrence of the behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The unpleasant stimulus serves as a deterrent, essentially associating a stimulus with a learned negative consequence, which deters us from going down that path again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Aversion Therapy Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A person trying to overcome procrastination might wear a rubber band around their wrist and snap it causing a mild pain each time they catch themselves being unproductive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Habituation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"man looking at plane\" class=\"wp-image-37812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane-180x100.jpg 180w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/man-looking-at-plane.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Habituation occurs when a stimulus ceases to provide the same strong response as it once did, due to decreasing sensitivity to the stimulus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It differs from extinction because the stimulus doesn\u2019t disappear. The stimulus remains, but we become so used to it that our response weakens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Habituation may happen in the classroom, for example, when a <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/types-of-teaching-styles\/\">teacher\u2019s teaching style<\/a> becomes boring to students &#8211; the teach will need to mix things up to revive students\u2019 enthusiasm for learning<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/habituation-examples\/\">Habituation Example<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People who live under flight paths often don\u2019t even hear planes flying overhead, but their visitors sure do. The sound planes in their environment initially may have distracted the homeowners, but over time they have become so used to the sound that it ceases to distract them anymore.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Systematic Desensitization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120-1024x585.png\" alt=\"child eating and rabbit watching him\" class=\"wp-image-37809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-120.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a therapy method used to overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing a person to the feared object or situation in a controlled and safe way, until the fear response is extinguished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, a person with a fear of spiders might first think about spiders, then look at pictures of spiders, then look at a spider in a jar, and finally hold a spider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/systematic-desensitization-examples\/\"><strong>Systematic Desensitization Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mary Cover Jones famously helped a child named Peter overcome his fear of white rabbits with systematic desensitization. She did this by exposing Peter to the animal while he ate meals. She then slowly brought it closer in each session until it sat in his lap while he ate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Conditioned Emotional Response<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121-1024x585.png\" alt=\"veteran and fireworks\" class=\"wp-image-37810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-121.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an emotional response that has been linked to a previously neutral stimulus by association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It often occurs during traumatic events and is a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if you have had a traumatic experience with a dog in the past, you may become anxious or fearful (emotional response) whenever you see a dog (now a conditioned stimulus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Conditioned Emotional Response Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A soldier goes to war and, in the heat of battle, at the scariest moment of his life, he hears loud bangs all around him from bombs. After returning to civilian life, every time he hears fireworks, he has a heightened panic response.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Positive Punishment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122-1024x585.png\" alt=\"misbehaving class\" class=\"wp-image-37814\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-122.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Positive punishment is an important term in behaviorism but is a bit of a misnomer. The punishment isn\u2019t actually \u201cpositive\u201d per se. The word positive in this case means \u201cto add\u201d. We might call this an \u201cadded punishment\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited to decrease future responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/positive-punishment-examples\/\"><strong>Positive Punishment Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An example of positive punishment may be giving a class of students an extra 2 minutes of lunchtime detention each time they misbehave, which can decrease the likelihood of misbehavior.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Negative Punishment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123-1024x585.png\" alt=\"child in trouble\" class=\"wp-image-37815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-123.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Negative punishment is the opposite of the above. It\u2019s about removing something pleasurable or desirable as a form of punishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, while positive punishment is about <em>adding <\/em>something undesirable, negative punishment is about <em>removing <\/em>something desirable, in order to shape behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/negative-punishment\/\">Negative Punishment Example<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a teenager comes home after curfew, removing their privilege to use the family car can reduce the likelihood of them breaking curfew again.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Discrimination Learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124-1024x585.png\" alt=\"dog sitting\" class=\"wp-image-37816\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-124.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This concept refers to learning to differentiate between stimuli, such as a dog being able to learn the difference between different commands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In behaviorism, this will involve reinforcing a behavior in the presence of a certain stimulus, but not others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This concept also exists in <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/constructivism-in-the-classroom\/\">constructivist classrooms<\/a>, where it\u2019s believed that discrimination occurs through experience and development of conceptualizations &#8211; or cognitive schema &#8211; in order to establish cognitive equilibrium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ed364b4e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/stimulus-discrimination-examples\/\"><strong>Stimulus Discrimination Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A dog may learn to sit on command (in response to the word &#8220;sit&#8221;) but not in response to any other spoken words.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. Stimulus Generalization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125-1024x585.png\" alt=\"child afraid of rabit\" class=\"wp-image-37817\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-125.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Stimulus generalization occurs when a person or animal starts responding to one stimulus, then multiple stimuli, in a similar manner. They have \u2018generalized\u2018 their response to stimuli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scholars have shown that stimuli that are similar to the initial stimulus will evoke a response similar to the original stimulus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, we\u2019re experiencing the opposite of stimulus discrimination, and in fact, it represents the absence of the ability to discriminate between different stimuli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/stimulus-generalization-examples\/\"><strong>Stimulus Generalization Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If a child has been conditioned to fear white rabbits, the child might also exhibit fear in the presence of all white animals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. Escape Learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128-1024x585.png\" alt=\"rat pressing lever\" class=\"wp-image-37822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-128.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Escape learning is when a person or animal learns to terminate an aversive stimulus by engaging in a specific behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Escape learning was originally demonstrated by B. F. Skinner, using an apparatus known as the Skinner Box, which is essentially a metal cage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skinner placed a rat in the Skinner Box. When the floor was electrified, the rat experienced the aversive stimulus. But the rat eventually learned that pressing a lever on the side of the cage would end the electric shock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the rat learned this association, the rat quickly pulled the lever as soon as the shock occurred. In other words, it learned engage in behaviors that help it to <em>escape <\/em>an aversive sitautions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/escape-learning\/\"><strong>Escape Learning Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A person with social anxiety feels a negative sensation in social situations &#8211; generally, heightened stress. They have learned that by feigning sickness, they can get out of the situation. So, whenever they are caught in a social event, they pretend to be sick to quickly <em>escape <\/em>the aversive stimulus.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. Premack Principle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126-1024x585.png\" alt=\"boy doesn't want to eat\" class=\"wp-image-37818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-126.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also known as &#8220;Grandma&#8217;s rule,&#8221; this principle states that a more desirable activity can be used effectively as a reinforcer for a less desirable one.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s named after the idea that &#8211; when you&#8217;re at Grandma&#8217;s house &#8211; you have to eat dinner before you get dessert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Essentially, the principle involves <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/incentives-examples\/\">offering an incentive<\/a> that will be received once an unpleasurable task is completed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Students often use this themselves when studying, such as in the pomodoro technique. They promise themselves a break or a treat if they study for a certain amount of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/premack-principle-examples\/\"><strong>Premack Principle Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Telling a child &#8220;If you finish your homework, you can play video games&#8221; uses the desirable activity (playing video games) to reinforce the less desirable one (completing homework).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group softborder is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. Avoidance Learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127-1024x585.png\" alt=\"studying\" class=\"wp-image-37819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-127.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This occurs when actions are taken to prevent an aversive stimulus from occurring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, someone might study hard to avoid getting a poor grade, or consistently pay their bills to avoid late fees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that avoidance learning differs from escape learning because avoidance learning pre-emptively avoids a situation before it even comes about, whereas escape learning is about ending an unpleasant experience that is currently occurring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can split it into active avoidance learning, where we <em>do something<\/em> to avoid a situation; and passive avoidance learning, where we actively <em>fail to do something <\/em>to prevent an eventuality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/avoidance-learning\/\"><strong>Avoidance Learning Example<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a person has learned that they are allergic to soy (aversive stimulus), they will not eat (avoidant behavior) tofu or drink soy milk. This is passive avoidance learning.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Behaviorism is a central theory in <a href=\"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/educational-psychology\/\">educational psychology<\/a>. It demonstrates some key drivers in shaping thoughts and behaviors. It can be very powerful and lead to fast behavioral acquisition, but it is often critiqued for its lack of acknowledgement of the role of internal cognitive processes in learning, and often leads to shallow learning where people only learn <em>behaviors <\/em>rather than the reasoning behind certain concepts, such as knowing that 5 x 5 = 25, but having no idea what it actually means.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Behaviorism Examples 1. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning involves teaching a student to associate two stimuli with one another. It does not require rewards and punishments, but rather repetition of an association. This was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his Pavlov\u2019s dog experiment, where he taught dogs to salivate in response to the sound of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,94],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psych-101-course","category-psychology"],"acf":[],"modified_by":"Chris Drew (PhD)","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"authorship-box-avatar":false,"authorship-box-related":false,"authorship-post-flat":false,"authorship-post-cards":false,"authorship-post-thumbs":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Chris Drew (PhD)","author_link":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/author\/chris-drew-phd\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Behaviorism Examples 1. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning involves teaching a student to associate two stimuli with one another. It does not require rewards and punishments, but rather repetition of an association. This was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his Pavlov\u2019s dog experiment, where he taught dogs to salivate in response to the sound of&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27280"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39202,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27280\/revisions\/39202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helpfulprofessor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}